Biocides
Biocides are essential for water treatment. They are chemical agents used to kill or control bacteria, viruses, algae, and other microorganisms. Although biocides can be risky and cause damage to equipment, they are necessary to maintain safe and clean water.
- Function: Biocides prevent the growth and proliferation of harmful microorganisms in water systems.
- Types: Biocides can be oxidizing or non-oxidizing.
- Oxidizing Biocides: Examples include chlorine and chlorine dioxide. They work by releasing oxygen radicals that destroy microorganisms.
- Non-Oxidizing Biocides: Examples include 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), sodium bisulfite (SBS), phenoxyethanol (PE), and sodium benzoate (SB). These biocides have varying levels of antimicrobial efficiency, hazard, and membrane compatibility.
- Applications: Biocides are used in various water treatment processes, including cooling systems, boilers, HVACs, closed-loop water systems, and more.
- Challenges: Balancing effectiveness with safety and environmental impact is crucial when using biocides.
Research efforts continue to explore economic, eco-friendly, and safe antifouling agents to prevent and treat biofouling in water-stressed countries.
